Tashar Base

Tasha mai tushe ita ce tashar sadarwar wayar tafi da gidanka ta jama'a, wacce nau'in gidan rediyo ne.Yana nufin gidan rediyon da ke isar da bayanai tare da tashoshi na wayar hannu ta hanyar sauya hanyar sadarwa ta wayar hannu a wani yanki na rediyo.Ana iya raba nau'ikansa zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:Macro tushe tashoshin, rarraba tushe tashoshin, SDR tushe tashoshin, maimaitawa, da dai sauransu.

Macro tushe tashar

Tashoshin tushe na macro suna nufin tashoshin watsa siginar mara waya na masu aikin sadarwa.Tashoshin tushe na macro suna rufe nesa mai nisa, gabaɗaya kilomita 35.Sun dace da wuraren da ke da tarwatsa zirga-zirga a cikin unguwannin bayan gari.Suna da ɗaukar hoto na omnidirectional da babban iko.Ana amfani da ƙananan tashoshi mafi yawa a cikin birane, nisan rufewa kadan ne, yawanci 1-2km, tare da ɗaukar hoto.MAna amfani da tashoshi na icrobase galibi don rufe makafi a wuraren zafi na birane.Gabaɗaya, ikon watsawa kaɗan ne, kuma nisan ɗaukar hoto shine 500m ko ƙasa da haka.Ikon kayan aiki na tashoshin tushe gabaɗaya shine 4-10W, wanda aka canza zuwa siginar siginar mara waya ta 36-40dBm.Ƙara ribar 20dBi na eriyar ɗaukar hoto ta tushe shine 56-60dBm.

An rarrabaBaseStation

Tashoshin tushe da aka rarraba sabbin ƙarni ne na samfuran zamani waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don kammala ɗaukar hoto.Babban fasalinsa shine ya ware na'urar sarrafa mitar rediyo daga na'ura mai sarrafa tushe na macro baseband na gargajiya da kuma haɗa shi ta hanyar fiber na gani.Babban manufar tsarin tashar tushe da aka rarraba shine don raba na'urar sarrafa mitar rediyo ta gargajiya (BBU) da na'urar sarrafa mitar rediyo (RRU).An haɗa su biyu ta hanyar fiber na gani.A lokacin ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa, sashin sarrafa kayan aiki na baseband, cibiyar sadarwar cibiyar sadarwa, da na'urorin kula da hanyar sadarwa mara waya suna tattara su a cikin ɗakin kwamfuta kuma an haɗa su zuwa na'ura mai nisa na mitar rediyo da aka tura a wurin da aka tsara ta hanyar fiber na gani don kammala ɗaukar hoto, don haka rage farashin gini da kulawa. da inganta inganci.

Tashar tushe da aka rarraba ta raba kayan aikin tashar tushen macro na gargajiya zuwa na'urori masu aiki guda biyu bisa ga ayyuka.Baseband, babban iko, watsawa, agogo, da sauran ayyuka na tashar tushe an haɗa su cikin wani tsari mai suna baseband unit BBU (Base Band Unit).Naúrar tana da ƙananan girman kuma wurin shigarwa yana da sauƙi;mitar rediyo ta tsakiya kamar transceiver da amplifier wuta an haɗa su cikin wani nau'in mitar mitar rediyo mai nisa, kuma ana shigar da naúrar mitar rediyo RRU (Rashin Rediyo Mai Nisa) a ƙarshen eriya.An haɗa naúrar mitar rediyo da naúrar tushe ta hanyar filaye masu gani don samar da sabon bayani na tashar tushe da aka rarraba.

SDRBaseStation

SDR (Software Definition Radio) shi ne "software siffanta rediyo", wanda fasaha ce ta sadarwa mara waya ta watsa shirye-shirye, mafi daidai, hanya ce ta ƙira ko ƙira.Musamman, SDR yana nufin ka'idar sadarwa mara waya bisa ma'anar software maimakon aiwatar da kayan aikin sadaukarwa.A halin yanzu akwai manyan tsarin dandamali na kayan masarufi na SDR guda uku: Tsarin SDR na tushen GPP, Tsarin Ƙofar Shirye-shiryen Ƙofar (FPGA) - tushen SDR (Ban GPP), da tsarin GPP + FPGA/SDP na tushen SDR.Tsarin SDR bisa GPP shine kamar haka.

Tashar tushe ta SDR tsarin tashar tushe ce da aka tsara kuma aka haɓaka bisa ra'ayin SDR.Babban fasalinsa shi ne cewa ana iya tsara na'urar mitar rediyo da sake fasalinta, kuma tana iya fahimtar kasaftawar hankali na spectrum da tallafi ga hanyoyin sadarwa da yawa, wato ana iya amfani da shi akan kayan aikin dandamali iri daya.Fasaha don aiwatar da samfuran hanyar sadarwa daban-daban, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, ana aiwatar da hanyar sadarwar GSM+ LTE akan saitin kayan aiki iri ɗaya.

Maimaita RP

Mai maimaita RP: Mai maimaita RP ya ƙunshi abubuwa ko kayayyaki kamar eriya,RF duplexers, ƙananan ƙararrawar ƙararrawa, Mixers, ESCamai kunnawas, tacewa, Ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da sauransu, gami da haɓaka haɓakawa da haɓaka hanyoyin haɓakawa na ƙasa.

Babban ka'idar aikinsa shine: don amfani da eriya ta gaba (eriya mai ba da gudummawa) don karɓar siginar saukar da tashar tushe cikin mai maimaitawa, haɓaka siginar mai amfani ta hanyar ƙaramar ƙararrawa, kashe siginar amo a cikin siginar, kuma inganta sigina-zuwa amo rabo (S/N).);sannan a mayar da shi kasa zuwa sigina na tsaka-tsaki, a tace shi ta hanyar tacewa, a kara masa karfinsa, sannan a mayar da shi zuwa mitar rediyo, a kara masa karfin wutar lantarki, sannan a watsa shi zuwa tashar wayar ta eriya ta baya (sake watsawa). eriya);a lokaci guda, ana amfani da eriya ta baya Ana karɓar siginar haɓakawa daga tashar wayar hannu kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar haɗin haɓaka haɓakawa ta hanyar kishiyar hanya: wato, yana wucewa ta cikin ƙaramar ƙararrawar ƙararrawa, mai jujjuya ƙasa, tacewa, matsakaici. amplifier, up-converter, and power amplifier kafin a watsa zuwa tashar tushe.Wannan yana samun hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu tsakanin tashar tushe da tashar wayar hannu.

Mai maimaita RP samfur ne mai isar da sigina mara waya.Babban alamun don auna ingancin mai maimaitawa sun haɗa da matakin hankali (kamar saka idanu mai nisa, da dai sauransu), ƙananan IP3 (kasa da -36dBm ba tare da izini ba), ƙananan ƙararrawa (NF), amincin injin gabaɗaya, sabis na fasaha masu kyau. , da dai sauransu.

Maimaita RP na'ura ce da ke haɗa layin cibiyar sadarwa kuma galibi ana amfani da ita don isar da sigina ta zahiri tsakanin nodes ɗin cibiyar sadarwa biyu.

Maimaitawa

Mai maimaitawa shine mafi sauƙin na'urar haɗin haɗin yanar gizo.Ya fi kammala ayyukan Layer na jiki.Yana da alhakin watsa bayanai bit by bit akan Layer na zahiri na nodes biyu da kammala kwafin siginar, daidaitawa, da ayyukan haɓakawa don tsawaita tsawon hanyar sadarwar.

Sakamakon hasara, ikon siginar da aka watsa akan layin zai ragu a hankali.Lokacin da attenuation ya kai wani matakin, zai haifar da karkatacciyar sigina, don haka haifar da kurakuran liyafar.An tsara masu maimaitawa don magance wannan matsalar.Yana kammala haɗin layin jiki, yana haɓaka siginar da aka rage, kuma yana kiyaye shi daidai da ainihin bayanan.

Idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin tushe, yana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, ƙarancin saka hannun jari, da shigarwa mai dacewa.Ana iya amfani da shi sosai a wuraren makafi da wurare masu rauni waɗanda ke da wahalar rufewa, kamar manyan kantuna, otal-otal, filin jirgin sama, tashar jiragen ruwa, tashoshi, filayen wasa, wuraren nishaɗi, hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa, ramuka da sauransu. Ana iya amfani da shi a wurare daban-daban kamar su. manyan tituna da tsibirai don inganta ingancin sadarwa da magance matsaloli kamar kiran da aka yi watsi da su.

Abun da ke tattare da masu maimaita sadarwar wayar hannu ya bambanta dangane da nau'in.

(1)mara waya mai maimaitawa

Ana karɓar siginar saukar da ƙasa daga tashar tushe kuma an haɓaka don rufe alkiblar mai amfani;Ana karɓar siginar haɓakawa daga mai amfani kuma a aika zuwa tashar tushe bayan haɓakawa.Don iyakance makada, aband-wuce tacean kara.

(2)Maimaita Zaɓaɓɓen Mita

Don zaɓar mitar, mitoci na sama da ƙasa suna jujjuyawa zuwa mitar matsakaici.Bayan an yi zaɓin mitar da tsarin iyakance-band, ana dawo da mitoci sama-sama da na ƙasa ta hanyar juyawa.

(3)Na gani fiber watsa repeater tashar

Ana canza siginar da aka karɓa zuwa siginar gani ta hanyar canjin hoto, kuma bayan watsawa, ana dawo da siginar lantarki ta hanyar jujjuyawar wutar lantarki sannan a aika.

(4)mitar motsi watsa mai maimaitawa

Maida mitar da aka karɓa zuwa microwave, sannan a mayar da shi zuwa mitar da aka karɓa ta asali bayan watsawa, ƙara ta, sannan aika shi.

(5)Maimaita cikin gida

Mai maimaita cikin gida na'ura ce mai sauƙi, kuma buƙatunsa sun bambanta da na mai maimaita waje.Abun da ke tattare da masu maimaita sadarwar wayar hannu ya bambanta dangane da nau'in.

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